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Biology · AP · High school · Biology

Full College Board Course and Exam Description framework for Biology · AP, including course-scope topics not assessed on the AP Exam. Topics marked with an asterisk (*) are assessed on the exam. Click a topic for the full text and study materials.

Standards

Click a standard for the full text and study materials.

Unit 1: Chemistry of Life

  • 1.1 * — Relate water, macromolecules, and enzymes to biological function.
  • 1.2 * — Analyze experimental data on enzyme or macromolecule investigations.

Unit 2: Cell Structure and Function

  • 2.1 * — Compare organelles and membrane structure across cell types.
  • 2.2 * — Explain membrane transport using concentration gradients and tonicity.

Unit 3: Cellular Energetics

  • 3.1 * — Outline photosynthesis and cellular respiration with key inputs and outputs.
  • 3.2 * — Relate ATP and coupled reactions to cellular work.

Unit 4: Cell Communication and Cell Cycle

  • 4.1 * — Describe signal transduction pathways at AP depth.
  • 4.2 * — Analyze regulation of the cell cycle and consequences of disruption.

Unit 5: Heredity

  • 5.1 * — Apply Mendelian and non-Mendelian inheritance to predict offspring ratios.
  • 5.2 * — Use meiosis models to explain genetic variation.

Unit 6: Gene Expression and Regulation

  • 6.1 * — Connect DNA structure to replication, transcription, and translation.
  • 6.2 * — Explain gene regulation and biotechnology tools at an intro AP level.

Unit 7: Natural Selection

  • 7.1 * — Apply evidence for evolution and mechanisms of natural selection.
  • 7.2 * — Interpret phylogenies and shared derived characters.

Unit 8: Ecology

  • 8.1 * — Analyze population growth, community interactions, and energy flow.
  • 8.2 * — Design or critique ecological investigations with appropriate controls.

* Assessed on the AP Exam (per the Course and Exam Description). All topics listed; unmarked topics are course scope only.

AP® is a trademark registered by the College Board. Course and Exam Description content is used for educational reference; see College Board for the official CED.

AP Course and Exam Description (College Board)

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